Britain's Spanish Ulcer: The American Revolutionary War in Florida, the Mississippi, the Caribbean a

Without the aid of Spain, France and the Netherlands, could the American colonies have won the Revolutionary War? Britain's Spanish Ulcer explores, first, the financial and materiel support to the Americans from Britain's European enemies, their revenge for their defeat in the Seven Years War; and secondly the active military campaigns from the Gulf of Mexico to Nicaragua. This constant call on the resources of the Royal Navy and the British Army seriously weakened the main theatre of war. This Spanish Ulcer, leading to the loss of the fortress of Pensacola was the second heavy blow to the British after Saratoga and, with the third blow, the loss of Yorktown, fatally undermined political will in Britain to continue the fight. AUTHOR: Lieutenant-General Jonathon Riley served for 40 years in the British Army. He commanded troops of many nations, at all levels, on operations in Northern Ireland, Central America, the Balkans, the Persian Gulf and Iraq, Sierra Leone and Afghanistan. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Order in 1996. He was made an Officer of the Legion of Merit of the U.S.A. in 2005 and a Companion of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath in 2008. He holds the degrees of BA, MA and PhD and has published a total of 30 books of biography and military history, including, for Helion & Co: The Last Ironsides (2013); Oft in Danger (2015); Ghosts of Old Companions (2016); The Colonial Ironsides (2023); and three volumes of Regimental Records of The Royal Welch Fusiliers. 99 b/w illustrations, 2 colour photos, 56 b/w maps, 6 figures