This book highlights the role of knowledge in school education. It shows that while the Scottish education system used to be among the strongest in Europe, its students' attainment has dropped in recent years. The book argues that the clue to this decline is the new curriculum which has been in place for two decades. Lindsay Paterson notes the commendable aims of this approach, which includes working across subject boundaries, application of learning to real-world problems and focusing on creativity and citizenship.

Studying Scotland's strong educational reputation in the past and comparing it to other countries, such as Estonia, Singapore, Ireland and Japan, Paterson argues that the most student-centred education is one that is based on knowledge. This is key to students' understanding, to their personal fulfilment, to their successful careers, and to their ability to make a worthwhile contribution to society.