This book investigates the untold story of how private Japanese entrepreneurs shaped the country’s postwar Middle East diplomacy through independent oil ventures. Moving beyond traditional narratives that focus solely on state-led resource security, it highlights the role of “national oil capital”, specifically the activities of business leaders Idemitsu Sazo, Yamashita Taro, Tanaka Seigen and Sugimoto Shigeru.

Tracing Japan’s re-engagement with the Islamic world from the 1950s through to the 1973 Oil Crisis, the book reveals how these entrepreneurs, driven by a unique blend of prewar Pan-Asianist ideology and anti-Western resource nationalism, forged direct energy ties with Iran, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Abu Dhabi. By analyzing rare primary sources, including the Tanaka Seigen documents and corporate archives, the book demonstrates that these non-state actors did not merely secure oil; they reconstructed Japan’s geopolitical identity, acting as an informal bridge between the Japanese state and the rising nationalism of the Middle East.

Drawing on Japanese, English, and Turkish sources, the book challenges dominant narratives of Japan’s passivity in the Islamic world and offers a compelling reinterpretation of the post-war international order from a non-Western perspective. As such, this is a timely contribution to the fields of international history, Asian studies, Middle Eastern studies, and energy geopolitics.