Girlhood and Adolescence in the Twenty-First-Century Southern Novel explores six works by contemporary Southern women writers, each featuring a girl protagonist navigating complex personal and cultural challenges rooted in the American South. These twenty-first-century portrayals mark a significant shift from earlier depictions of Southern girlhood-most notably in the protagonists' relationships with family and their striking detachment from Civil War memory and its lingering legacy. Central to each narrative is a longing for the absent or deceased mother and, in most cases, an aversion to the father figure, who is often depicted as abusive or irresponsible. Yet the specific struggles these girls face vary widely. While racism and racial tension appear in several novels, only one centers entirely on Black/white relations. Some grapple with extreme poverty or life in overlooked working-class communities, while others explore spiritual journeys outside of traditional Christianity-embracing instead woman-centered or alternative paths to the divine. The book offers critical analyses of the following novels: The Queen of Palmyra by Minrose Gwin, The Secret Life of Bees by Sue Monk Kidd, Bitter in the Mouth by Monique Truong, Salvage the Bones by Jesmyn Ward, The Crowning Glory of Calla Lily Ponder by Rebecca Wells, and The Unraveling of Mercy Louis by Keija Parssinen. Unified by themes of autonomy and resistance, these girl characters challenge gender norms and defy societal expectations. They are self-possessed, guided by their own desires, and determined to carve out lives on their own terms-offering a bold reimagining of what it means to grow up Southern in the twenty-first century.