An ethnographic study of how Iranian documentary filmmakers navigate censorship and creativity to shape civic discourse. Iranian filmmakers have overcome significant obstacles to create a distinctive, globally renowned cinema. Filmmaker and educator Persheng Vaziri explores how documentarians, in particular, have developed a dynamic and creative environment by negotiating limited resources and official constraints. Through their films, they share hard truths-and artful narratives-with fellow Iranians and viewers the world over. Documenting Iran introduces key historical foundations of documentary filmmaking amid generations of political change-first under the shah and later the Islamic government-before turning to the experiences of contemporary directors and writers. Drawing on interviews and ethnographic encounters, Vaziri describes the creative practices and pragmatic choices that provide documentarians relative independence from state censorship and other curbs on artistic production. Relying on poetic aesthetics, international connections, and the accumulated knowledge of a tight-knit local community, filmmakers engage with controversial topics like women's rights, marriage and divorce laws, environmental degradation, and encounters with Western culture. Documentarians have thus created an activist cinema both subtle and persuasive enough to challenge dogmatic rule and uphold progressive elements of Iranian society.