The medieval castle was not designed to combat the artillery of the mid-17th century. Utilising archaeological, architectural, topographic, cartographic, and historical evidence, We then prepared our batteries': The Medieval Castles of the Welsh Marches in the British Civil Wars of 1642-1646 and 1648 explores how the castle fared against the artillery and siege warfare of the British Civil Wars, and how the structures impacted on a war they were not built for. Using the Welsh Marches as a study area, this work illuminates the medieval castle's role during the brutal Civil Wars by focusing on the castles of Chepstow, Raglan, Goodrich, Hopton, Beeston, and Denbigh. This is Richard Israel's second book for Helion. His first Cannon Played the Great Fort' Sieges in the Severn Valley during the English Civil War 1642-1646 was published in 2021. AUTHOR: Richard Israel has completed a BA(Hons) in Archaeology, a Masters in Landscape Archaeology, and an MPhil in Archaeology from the University of Bristol. Specialising in landscape archaeology and fortifications, he is a Practitioner member of the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists, and has conducted archaeological excavations at English Civil War sites of Brandon Hill and the Royal Fort in Bristol. 60 b/w photos, 1 b/w map, 11 figures