This book is a comprehensive resource that explores the latest advancements in upstream petroleum engineering. Covering fundamental principles and cutting-edge innovations, it provides a thorough understanding of hydrocarbon exploration, drilling, reservoir characterization, production, and enhanced oil recovery (EOR). It delves into advanced techniques such as chemical, microbial, miscible, and thermal EOR, along with reservoir modeling, simulation, and digital optimization using artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning. The book also emphasizes health, safety, and environmental management, addressing key performance indicators, risk assessment, carbon footprint reduction, and regulatory compliance. A dedicated section on environmental modeling discusses oil spill mitigation, emissions control, and sustainable energy solutions. Designed for students, researchers, and industry professionals, this book bridges theoretical knowledge with industry applications, making it an essential reference for those navigating the evolving challenges of petroleum exploration and production. By integrating modern technological developments with traditional engineering practices, the book equips readers with the knowledge needed to enhance efficiency, maximize recovery, and ensure sustainable energy production.