This study examines the transformation of Israel's public sphere through two distinct communicative arenas: radio phone-ins and online commenting (Tokbek).

Using ethnomethodology and discourse analysis, the author reveals how these sites function as institutions where ordinary citizens engage with political topics, tracing a shift from rational community-based discussion to polarized identity-driven exchanges. The radio phone-in emerges as a space closely aligned with Habermas's vision of a functional public sphere, where listeners reasonably discuss social issues within a community framework. In contrast, the Tokbek presents an opportunity for anonymous participants to express extreme political views while disparaging opposing perspectives, exemplifying what the author terms "inverted identity politics." Beyond documenting this transformation, this book explores the structural factors behind the shift, considering both Israel's unique context and broader neoliberal influences. The analysis reveals how the fragmentation of Israeli society, declining hope regarding the Israeli-Arab/Palestinian conflict, and the transition from welfare state to neoliberal economy, have collectively reshaped public discourse.

This book offers valuable insights for scholars of media studies, political discourse analysis, Israeli society, and online participation.