High Lands, Pure Earth foregrounds Tibetan experiences of urban transitions in China's late-reform-period. In the twenty-first century, China's accelerated urbanization has transformed the Tibetan Plateau. However, Tibetan urban experiences continue to be profoundly shaped by senses of being in the world that long pre-date Tibet's subjugation into the modern Chinese nation-state. Eveline Washul adopts Indigenous studies frameworks to explore how Tibetans actively engage history, peoplehood, and place to build belonging and community even in urban spaces characterized by intense state-led development and assimilation. Novel analysis of Tibetan textual sources shows how the geobody of Tibet's empire (seventh to ninth centuries) remained the basis for Tibetan perceptual regions and spatial imaginaries through the centuries, even as those regions changed. Ethnographic research highlights circuits of mobility Tibetans take between homelands and China's cities - and the new social landscapes these mobilities produce. Urban Tibetans, instead of dissolving ties to home, expand their social networks and mobilities into urban spaces. High Lands, Pure Earth documents the enduring strength of Indigenous resilience despite the hegemony of nation-state power.