This book summarizes the recent progress in the research on the advancement of technology sensing based sensors and biosensors of carbon nanomaterials (mainly, CNTs and graphene or graphene oxide) and its biomedical applications particularly in drug delivery for anticancer diagnosis and therapies. It discusses the main advances in the field over the last few years and explore the novel preparation methods of carbon nanomaterials (metal nanostructures/carbon materials) and their applications in various catalytic organic transformations.

Carbon nanotubes are large molecules, made from a repeating pattern of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms in a hexagonal arrangement, wrapped into a cylinder of approximately 2.5–100 nm in diameter. Carbon nanotubes are single or multi-walled depending on the number of carbon sheets rolled together, while the ends are capped by a hemispherical carbon arrangement as seen in fullerenes. CNTs very sensitive to be affected by exposure to biomolecules as sensing elements for new biosensors with high sensitivity for the rapid detection of targeted substrates. The book discusses the basic working strategies and implementation principles of nano carbons family composites—based sensors, biosensors and gas/vapor strain sensors. The book demonstrates, explains and considers the advanced applications of carbon nanomaterials depends on the specific structural stability, physical, chemical, magnetic, optical, electrical, thermal, electronic, mechanical and physicochemical properties of CNTs. The book discusses the achievements and challenges in vitro and in vivo of CNTs for cancer vaccine co-delivery —based nanocarriers immunotherapy.

In brief current studies regarding CBNMs have shown a very promising glimpse of what lies ahead in the future of medicines. Lastly, biomedical imaging, based on the inherent physical properties of SWNTs, may be combined with drug delivery for multimodality cancer diagnosis and therapy. Despite challenges on the way towards the clinic, carbon nanotubes exhibit great potential for biomedicine, and may bring unprecedented opportunities for the future of cancer diagnosis and therapy. Also, the trend of investigation of CNT-based carbohydrate biosensors has been studied.