This book presents a collection of the latest developments in halophile research over the last decade. The multi-themed volume captures emerging insights into halophilic microbes' diversity, physiology, and unique adaptation. The book emphasizes new advances in genomics, novel biomolecules, and extremozymes functional under saline conditions. Key applications include antimicrobial halocins, plastic-degrading enzymes, drug-like compounds from marine actinomycetes, and bioprocesses for wastewater treatment and biodegradable polymer production. The volume also explores future trends, including integrating AI and ML tools for optimizing halophile-based biotechnologies. Contributed by leading experts, this multi-themed volume is a comprehensive resource for environmental microbiology and extremophile biotechnology researchers.