This book delves into the complexities of brain health, aging, and neurodegeneration, exploring the varied roles that genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors play in shaping brain health. It examines their contributions to the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The opening chapters introduce the concept of the blood-brain barrier and its crucial role in maintaining brain health. It also discusses how this barrier is compromised with aging and in various neurodegenerative diseases, underscoring its importance in understanding disease progression. The book reviews specific conditions, including Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease, analyzes their underlying mechanisms and presents a range of pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments, along with emerging therapies that offer hope for the future. It also explores other neurodegenerative diseases, such as ALS, Huntington's Disease, and multiple sclerosis, detailing the unique pathways that lead to neurodegeneration and the latest approaches to treatment. The chapters provide insights into brain biomarkers and diagnostic techniques that help with early detection and diagnosis of neurodegenerative conditions. Towards the end, the book discusses the challenges faced by patients and caregivers and offers strategies for support and coping. This book serves as an essential resource for neuroscientists and neurologists.