This book offers an illuminating account on the development of Soviet music and music political discussions in the 1920s and the 1930s. With its innovative conceptual historical approach, the work examines the discussions on Soviet music in close relation both to pre-revolutionary cultural ideas of Russia and political demands of the newly established Soviet state. By analysing the use and transformations of such political concepts as democracy, people, Russia and Europe in the context of Soviet music, the book sheds light on the complex negotiations on the role of music and culture in a revolutionary society. Consequently, the idea and the concept of the ‘revolution’ itself comes to be seen in a new light. Furthermore, as the key political concepts in the Soviet Union were the same as in other modern societies of the early 20th century, the book proposes that Soviet cultural ideas should not be viewed in isolation but rather in a close dialogical connection with the cultural ideas in other parts of Europe. The book is beneficial to scholars and students on Russian and Soviet music, music history, Soviet political and cultural history, and Russian area studies.