The expert authors herein summarize and translate the scientific advancements in our understanding of how misused substances impact the individuals who use them, and the psychopharmacologic and neurobiologic bases for the treatments available to manage these conditions. Each chapter is organized to provide a foundational neuropharmacological explanation of how various substances affect the individuals who use them including the clinical manifestations of intoxication and withdrawal syndromes (as are relevant). This is followed by an updated review of the evidence for various psychopharmacological therapies and approaches for treating special populations (as are available), such as those with noteworthy co-occurring psychiatric or medical disorders and pregnant individuals. Epidemiologic review has been intentionally minimized in favor of providing a practical neuropharmacological background, description of clinical phenomenology, and treatment guidance