The book addresses fundamental principles of the membrane separation technology along with an insight of the modern membrane separation process. Conventional membrane processes are discussed in several books advanced membrane separation processes like ionexchange membrane separation etc. are fragmentally discussed in several scientific journals and patents. Therefore, here the discussion is made on most advanced membrane applications from sensing biomarkers to tissue engineering along with different case studies. It will benefit heterogeneous audience including practitioners, process engineers, researchers and students from chemical engineering, biochemical engineering, and environmental engineering. The most interesting feature that may attract is the inclusion of machine learning in predicting and designing the membrane processes. This book can be referred by someone who wishes to learn about the fundamental principles and a general area of application along with scholars seeking more detailed information about the recent advancement in membrane separation technologies.