This book explores India-Bangladesh bilateral ties over the past fifty years, tracing Bengal's history, the Partition, and the birth of Bangladesh. It examines Bangladesh’s domestic challenges, including political turmoil after the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, military interventions, the secularism–theocracy conflict, the Chakma revolt and insurgency, communal tensions, and the nation’s economic recovery. The book provides an up-to-date analysis of bilateral issues and highlights PM Sheikh Hasina’s transformative role in shaping India-Bangladesh relations, with her leadership guiding Bangladesh into the future.