In 2010 Ronnie Lessem and Alexander Schieffer published their seminal work on Integral Research and Innovation, whereby they identified the four R’s: relational and renewal, reason and realization-based research paths that all together encompass the major qualitative research methods and methodologies. Because their transformative PhD programs are focused primarily on the 'Global South', where the vast majority of the world’s population is based, most agents of transformation with whom the authors deal select the relational research path, and the path of renewal, over and above the paths of reason and realization. The focus of Integral Renewal is on these two latter paths, now interconnected with integral enterprise and economics.