This book reviews dynamic relationships between plants and microbes, highlighting their roles in enhancing crop resilience, growth, and productivity. Integrating research and practical insights, the book provides solutions to pressing agricultural challenges including soil degradation, pest resistance, and nutrient inefficiency. It discusses plant-microbe interactions; regulating the host–microbe interaction by small RNA molecules and their mechanisms; and applications of sustainable crop production and climate resilience agriculture. The book covers a broad spectrum of plant-microbe interactions, from root symbioses to shoot colonization - provides a holistic understanding of how these interactions impact crop health and productivity, helping readers to optimize their strategies for improving crop yields and sustainability. Features: Ensures a thorough presentation into understanding plant-microbe dynamics—from basic interactions to molecular mechanisms and practical applications. Offers a comprehensive exploration of how plant-microbe interactions can revolutionize sustainable agriculture. Presents innovative strategies for harnessing natural partnerships to improve crop yields and sustainability.