The devastation caused by the Nazi regime during the Second World War was vast and multifaceted, leaving a profound and lasting impact on the world. In response, the Allies brought the leading civilian and military representatives of wartime Germany and Japan to trial on charges of war crimes, crimes against peace and crimes against humanity. The Nuremberg trials went on to become arguably the most famous trials in history, bringing some measure of justice to the millions persecuted and devastated by the Nazi regime. Drawing on documents, witness testimony and visual material from IWMs collections, this publication captures the importance and complexity of the trials that attempted to bring the Nazi war criminals to justice. It examines the events as they unfolded, from the creation of a new system of justice, to the selection of defendants and evidence, to the frameworks and legacies that laid the foundation for modern international law and human rights as we know it.